Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an economically and culturally important aquatic plant valued as an ornamental species, a food crop, a medicinal plant, and a symbol of cultural heritage. As a result, it has attracted considerable research interest in countries such as China, Japan, India, and Malaysia. In recent decades, tissue culture research has focused on rapid propagation, disease-free plant production, germplasm conservation, and providing plant materials for future
